Reviewed by: Dr. Robert Menardi, DVM
Aging can affect dogs in many of the same ways it affects people. Older dogs may slow down, gain a little weight, or experience occasional joint discomfort from time to time. These are all normal parts of aging.
However, if your senior dog exhibits stranger behavior like disorientation, pacing, or staring, you may be dealing with dog dementia. Sometimes described as sundowning, these symptoms of cognitive decline often present in the later part of the day, particularly signs of stress and confusion.
Here’s what pet parents need to know about recognizing and helping their older dogs manage signs of dog dementia.
What Is Canine Dementia?
Dog dementia, formally known as canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CCD), is a cognitive condition that can affect older dogs. The effects on the brain and the signs of the condition closely mimic Alzheimer’s disease or the symptoms of dementia in humans.
Canine cognitive dysfunction can manifest in many ways that you may not notice right away.
What Causes Canine Dementia?
Veterinary research hasn’t yet uncovered a definitive cause of canine dementia. Cognitive changes in the brain happen as a dog ages, and sometimes, these changes can lead to dysfunction. Dogs who have experienced brain injuries or brain tumors may be more prone to developing cognitive dysfunction as they age.
Canine cognitive dysfunction seems to be more common in smaller dogs. This correlation likely has less to do with the breed and more with a small dog’s lifespan.
Small dogs can live twice as long as larger breeds of dogs. The longer a dog lives, the more extensive their aging process will be. This lifespan can increase the chances of a dog developing an age-related illness.
What Are the Signs of Dog Dementia?
Signs of dog dementia aren’t always obvious at first. Sometimes, they’re so mild that pet parents don’t notice their dog’s behavioral changes in the early stages. Signs of dog dementia tend to come on slowly, progressing with time.
- Your dog may forget basic things, like tricks and house training
- Your dog might stop responding to their name
- Your dog may become disoriented or seem lost in familiar places
- Your dog can not seem to recognize you or your family
- Your dog may wander around without a clear purpose
- Your dog might seem irritable or overstimulated without a reason
- Your dog may frequently bark or vocalize without any clear cause
- Your dog might stare at a wall or an inanimate object for long periods
- Your dog’s eating, sleep-wake cycle, activity levels, and playing patterns can change
About half of dogs over 11 years old will show some degree of cognitive dysfunction due to aging. If you notice even mild signs of cognitive dysfunction, address them with your veterinarian before they become serious. Early intervention will ensure that your dog receives the best care possible
When Should I See a Veterinarian About Canine Dementia?
Senior dogs should regularly attend checkups with their veterinarian. Most veterinarians recommend two wellness checks a year, with more frequent visits as dogs age.
It’s important to take signs of potential health conditions very seriously for dogs of any age, but seniors are often more vulnerable.
If you believe your dog is showing signs of canine cognitive dysfunction, treat the situation like an emergency. Don’t wait until your dog’s next scheduled veterinarian appointment to bring it up. Call your veterinarian as soon as possible and describe what you’re observing. They’ll advise you on how to proceed.
Can Canine Cognitive Dysfunction Be Prevented?
There is no surefire way to prevent canine cognitive dysfunction because veterinarians still don’t know what causes it. Without a known cause, it’s hard to say what may prevent the condition from developing.
That said, good overall care practices can help reduce your dog’s risk of age-related illness. A well-balanced diet, regular exercise, and a low-stress environment all support long-term health.
You can incorporate neuroprotective antioxidants into your dog’s diet if you’re concerned about promoting brain health. There are antioxidant supplements for dogs that can be mixed into their food.
You can also make homemade dog treats with antioxidant-rich foods like blueberries, blackberries, sweet potatoes, and carrots. Just be sure you’re only using dog-safe foods, and you aren’t giving your dog too many treats.
How Is Dog Dementia Diagnosed?
Dog dementia is often diagnosed through a process of elimination. Several other conditions can produce similar behavioral changes that manifest in the same ways as mild canine cognitive dysfunction presents.
A dog experiencing stress may be irritable, wander aimlessly, or have accidents in the house. They could be terrified of your neighbor’s dog on the other side of the fence or fearful of thunder from an incoming storm.
So, your veterinarian must rule out other causes for the signs your dog is displaying The more information you can provide, the better. If you have videos or photos of your dog’s behavior, share them with your vet. Diagnostic tools like an MRI can also help support a diagnosis of canine cognitive dysfunction by ruling out other possibilities. If your dog is confirmed to have canine cognitive dysfunction, you can explore options for treatment as your next step.
How Is Dog Dementia Treated?
Veterinarians cannot cure dementia, but they can help manage it. While dogs with canine dementia won’t experience a dramatic reversal, it may be possible to slow progression. Early intervention is the most important factor in improving your dog’s outcome and helping them enjoy a better quality of life in their senior years.
Giving Your Dog a Healthy Lifestyle
Eliminating sources of stress and encouraging exercise are very important for dogs experiencing cognitive dysfunction. Try to keep your home environment as consistent as possible.
Keep your dog’s bed and dishes in the same place to avoid further confusion. Avoid bringing your dog to unfamiliar places and support their sleep patterns. Giving your dog opportunities for mental stimulation, enrichment, and social interaction can all help your dog’s sharpness, as it does for humans.
Diet Changes
A nutrient-rich diet is important for aging dogs. Consider switching to a high-quality dog food and incorporating fish oil or omega-3 fatty acid supplements to support brain health. MCT oil (medium chain triglycerides) is also thought to help support cognitive function.
Promoting Comfort
Dogs with dementia may have difficulty getting comfortable or settling down to sleep. Keeping a comfortable, consistent sleeping space and maintaining a calm environment when your dog needs to rest can make a meaningful difference. If you have concerns about your dog’s comfort or sleep quality, speak with your veterinarian about options.
Caring for My Dog With Canine Dementia
Many dogs with canine dementia can enjoy a good quality of life in their senior years with early intervention and consistent veterinary guidance. Stay observant, act quickly when you notice changes, and work closely with your vet to give your dog the best possible care in their golden years.
Sources:
Why Do Small Dogs Live Longer Than Large Dogs? | American Kennel Club
Fruits and Vegetables Dogs Can or Can’t Eat | American Kennel Club
Any health or medical information in ElleVet blogs is from a variety of public and reputable sources. This information is intended as an educational resource only and is not a substitute for expert professional care.