Reviewed by: Dr. David Tittle, BVetMed, CertVA, GPCert (WVA&CPM), MRCVS
Summer offers tons of great opportunities for bonding with your canine companion through outdoor activities like swimming, hiking, and outdoor play with the whole family. Warmer months are also the most common time for your dog to develop hot spots. This is especially true for those who like swimming and anything involving water. These itchy, inflamed skin lesions can affect any dog and can be quite painful. So, how do hot spots develop, and how can they be treated and prevented?
Table of contents
- What are hot spots?
- What causes hot spots?
- Can all dogs develop hot spots?
- Treatment strategies for hot spots
- How can you prevent hot spots?
- FAQs
What are hot spots?
Hot spots are localized areas of skin inflammation and bacterial infection. Experts from the American Kennel Club (AKC) note that Hot spots are localized areas of skin inflammation and bacterial infection. Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine notes that they get their name from the warmth generated by the inflammation and are most common in dogs with long or thick coats.
Hot spots often begin as small red areas that dog owners may mistake for an insect bite. However, a hot spot can rapidly worsen and spread, developing into a red, oozing, and uncomfortable lesion. And while dogs can get hot spots year-round, they are of particular concern during warmer months when common causes become more prevalent.
Common signs of a hot spot include:
- Raw patches of redness, swelling, and hair loss
- Moist affected area
- May bleed or discharge pus or fluid, which can lead to crusting and hair matting
- Incessant licking and itching, which can worsen and spread inflammation
Hot spots will rapidly grow as your dog’s scratching continues to irritate the affected area. While they can occur anywhere on your pup’s body, they are most commonly seen on the head, limbs, and hips.
What causes hot spots?
Hot spots can appear rather suddenly for a number of reasons. They are often initially triggered by excessive scratching, licking, or Hot spots can appear rather suddenly for a number of reasons, often triggered by excessive scratching, licking, or chewing a specific area. The AKC notes that any condition that causes itching can result in a hot spot. Unfortunately, itching can create a self-perpetuating cycle of secondary infections and further scratching.
Common causes include:
- Parasites and insect bites can cause itching either at a specific site or throughout the body
- Sensitivities to food or other irritants your pup may have inhaled, ingested, or come into contact with
- Skin or ear infections caused by bacteria or yeast, leading to itchy irritation
- Stress or boredom can cause your canine companion to lick excessively
- Moisture trapped in the coat from swimming, bathing, or even just humidity in the air can create an ideal environment for hot-spot-causing bacteria
- Dirty or matted coats can more easily trap moisture and encourage bacterial growth
During warmer summer months, dogs often spend more time outdoors, getting dirty, swimming, and encountering warm-weather insects, all of which increase the potential of developing hot spots.
Can all dogs develop hot spots?
All dogs of all ages can develop hot spots, but those with skin sensitivities, frequent infections, and long or thick coats are more prone. Because they spend so much time swimming and splashing, water-loving dogs are also more likely to develop hot spots.
Breeds that are naturally predisposed include:
- German Shepherds
- Golden Retrievers
- Labradors
- Rottweilers
- Saint Bernards
- …and many more
Treatment strategies for hot spots
Fortunately, hot spots can be effectively managed when identified and addressed early and appropriately. Because these lesions can be triggered by underlying causes of itchy skin, such as stress or sensitivities, they can be persistent and recurring if the root cause isn't addressed.
You should always consult your veterinarian if your dog is exhibiting excessive scratching or has developed a hot spot. Your vet can identify the underlying cause and properly determine the best treatment strategy.
To support healing and prevent further scratching or licking, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine William H. Miller recommends the following three tips for owners to manage small, developing hot spots:
Addressing early
William H. Miller Jr., VMD, explains that “if the sore is more than 24 hours old, an infection is likely, and a trip to the veterinarian is in order.” Depending on the cause and extent of the infection, vets may prescribe anti-inflammatory medications and/or antibiotics to address secondary skin infections.
Stop the licking
To stop the licking, consider using a cone or soft donut collar. If your dog can't tolerate either of these, a t-shirt can also help discourage licking.
Trim the hair
Clipping or shaving the hair around the hot spot helps the wound dry out more quickly, supporting healing. Cleaning the area twice daily using chlorhexidine solution can help control the bacteria contributing causing the problem.
With proper care and close adherence to your vet's instructions, hot spots typically clear up as quickly as they appear.
How can you prevent hot spots?
The best way to prevent your furry friend from developing hot spots is to control any underlying conditions. Pet parents should have their dogs on proper flea and tick preventatives and maintain consistent hygiene and grooming routines. If your dog swims often, shaving them for the summer or giving them a short summer cut can help keep water from getting trapped in their fur. Some dogs never seem to dry out in the summer due to a thick coat, which, again, is the prime condition for hot spot development.
Even short-coated dogs that don’t require a summer cut benefit from being kept clean and dry. Always thoroughly dry your pup’s coat after swimming or bathing, andclean their fur and skin after messy outdoor activities. Your pup’s ears should also be kept clean and dry.
If stress or boredom is leading your dog to lick or scratch excessively, there are several things you can do to help keep their mind stimulated and their body occupied with safe activities. First and foremost, make sure your dog gets plenty of physical exercise. Additionally, you may engage their mind with puzzle toys and enrichment activities, which can help reduce the likelihood of repetitive licking or scratching. A dog tired out from a backyard play session is far less likely to turn to excessive grooming for stimulation.
FAQs
How long do hot spots take to heal?
With prompt and appropriate treatment, most hot spots may begin to improve within a few days and can clear up completely within 1 to 2 weeks. More severe cases or those with underlying causes that haven't been addressed may take longer. Follow your veterinarian's treatment plan closely for the best outcome.
Can hot spots go away on their own?
Hot spots rarely resolve on their own and typically worsen without treatment. The more a dog scratches or licks the affected area, the larger and more uncomfortable the lesion becomes. Early veterinary attention is always the best approach and can ensure a faster resolution, so your pet can get back to living their best life!
Are some dogs more prone to hot spots than others?
Yes, dogs with thick or long coats, those who swim frequently, and dogs with underlying skin sensitivities or frequent infections are more prone to hot spots. Breeds like Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, and Labradors are among the most commonly affected.
Any health or medical information in ElleVet blogs is from a variety of public and reputable sources. This information is intended as an educational resource only and is not a substitute for expert professional care.
Sources:
Hot Spot Treatments and Prevention on Dogs | American Kennel Club
Hot spots | Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine
William H. Miller Jr., VMD | Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine